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Прилагательное

Существует три степени сравнения прилагательных в английском языке – положительная, сравнительная и превосходная.

My friend Jon has a huge library at home though he has not got much space and keeps all his books on a small shelf. He is also keen on old books. There are a lot of interesting books. There is one that I find the most interesting is Alice in Wonderland by Lewis Caroll. I think classical literature is more interesting than modern one.

Большинство прилагательных имеют степени сравнения.

старый – старше – самый старый

old – older – the oldest

У прилагательных, содержащих абсолютное значение, нет сравнительной степени.

Например, huge – огромный (не может быть огромнее и т. д.)

Сравнительная степень может сопровождаться словами-маркерами, например than.

Our local library is smaller than the one in the city.

Сравнительная степень образуется при помощи следующего суффикса -er.

Прилагательные в превосходной степени получают суффикс -est и сопровождается определенным артиклем – the.

small – smaller – the smallest

При этом прилагательные с -y на конце получают суффикс -ier и -iest соответственно.

happy – happier – the happiest

У односложных прилагательных удваивается:

hot – hotter – the hottest

–e в конце у прилагательного опускается.

large – larger – the largest

brave – braver – the bravest

Многосложные прилагательные в сравнительной степени получают more и в превосходной the most.

interesting – more interesting – the most interesting

effective – more effective – the most effective

Исключения:

good – better – the best

bad – worse – the worst

little – less – the least

many – more – the most

far – farther, further – the farthest, furthest

old – older, elder – the oldest, eldest

Farther, the farthest используется в отношении местонахождения.

a. Our house is farther from the center than theirs.

b. Read further!

Elder, the eldest используется в значении «по старшинству»

c. His father died and Mike, who is 16, is now the eldest in the family.

d. My elder sister lives in Europe.

3.1. Напишите сравнительные и превосходные степени прилагательных:


3.2. Дополните предложения прилагательными в сравнительной степени:

1. My flat is smaller than my brother’s house. (small)

2. The blue shoes are _____ than the black ones. (nice)

3. This book is _____ than that one. (interesting)

4. The nights are getting ______ in winter. (dark)

5. When I was a child, my hair was _____ than now. (long)

6. This comic book is ______ than the film. (funny)

7. My result in the test was _____ than his. (good)

8. Racing car is _____ than a usual one. (expensive)

9. Einstein’s ideas were _____ than the ideas of modern scientists. (smart)

10. Football is _____ than volleyball in our country. (popular)

3.3. Дополните предложения прилагательными в превосходной степени:

1. Our house is the biggest in the street. (big)

2. He is _______ of four children. (old)

3. ______ man in the world is 120 years old. (old)

4. Let’s go there – it's ______ shop in the town. (cheap)

5. My brother says The Beatles were ______ group ever. (popular)

6. The Nile is _______ river in the world. (long)

7. Everest is _______ mountain in the world. (high)

8. Is the president ______ man in the country? (important)

9. Sam is a terrible footballer – he's _____ player in the team. (bad)

10. What's ______ city in the world? (busy)

3.4. Дополните предложения сравнительной и превосходной степенями прилагательных:

A) My name is Mark and I live in Moscow.

I'm 15, but I'm 1.73 meters tall. All my friends are (1) shorter (SHORT) than me and I'm (2) _____ (TALL) person in my family.

Everyone thinks I'm (3) _____ (YOUNG) than 15. On the bus they think I'm a kid. As I went to secondary school I was a bit worried. Most of the people were (4) _____ (FRIENDLY) and _____ (HELPFUL) than at primary school but some students used to tease at me. It turned out people take it (5) _____ (EASY) at secondary school and I've got a lot of friends.

Clothes are always a big problem. I usually buy my clothes at a shop near my school, but they are (6) _____ (EXPENSIVE) than elsewhere. Shoes are even (7) _____ (BAD).

There are some advantages. I play basketball and some people even say I'm (8) _____ (GOOD) player in the school.

3.5. Выберите правильный вариант ответа:

1. He found himself а safer place somewhere out of town.

a) safer

b) more safe

c) more safer

d) safest

2. We prefer the restaurant though it is _______ from the center.

a) the farther

b) farthest

c) the farthest

d) furthest

3. This detailed map is ________ the atlas.

a) more useful as

b) more useful like

c) more useful than

d) usefuller as

4. Safari parks are ________ places of all to keep animals.

a) better

b) the best

c) most better

d) more better

5. This computer is ________ advanced than the old model.

a) farther

b) far most

c) far

d) far more

6. They talked about ____________ developments in agriculture.

a) the least

b) the latter

c) the latest

d) the late

7. The situation is _____________ now and there isn't an easy solution.

a) less more complicated

b) many more complicate

c) much more complicated

d) farther more complicated

8. People stay indoors during the _________ part of the day.

a) most hottest

b) more hotter

c) most hotter

d) hottest

3.6. Переведите на английский язык.

1. Джон старше Питера.

2. Мари самая красивая девочка в классе.

3. Мой старший брат быстрее меня.

4. Мой друг самый добрый человек в мире.

5. У Елены самые длинные волосы в школе.

6. Мой кузен самый высокий в семье.

7. Моя игрушка лучше всех.

8. Моя книга менее интересная, чем у брата.

3.7. Вставьте more или less.

1. People are more intelligent than monkeys.

2. Summer holidays are _____ splendid than winter holidays.

3. Literature is ______ important than English.

4. Books are ______ interesting than films.

5. Writing in English is _____ difficult than speaking.

6. Parents are ______ helpful than teachers.

7. Reading is _______ useful than watching TV.

8. Food is _____ expensive than clothes.

3.8. Найдите и исправьте ошибки.

1. I’m more clever than my brother. Cleverer

2. Sue is prettyer than Jane.

3. Tyler is more handsomer than his brother.

4. Twins are closest people in the world.

5. My father is the stronger man in the world.

6. They are patienter than others.

7. He was told to stay the longest than his friends.

8. They were going to stay in Paris for more two weeks.

9. She likes to go for a walk on a quieter evening.

10. We want to stay long in Paris as it is a beautiful city.

3.9. Дополните предложения сравнительной и превосходной степенями прилагательных:

1. Sam is a far more intelligent (intelligent) person than my brother.

2. Sindy was the _________ (practical) of the family.

3. Bobby felt __________ (bad) yesterday than the day before.

4. This dessert is the ____________ (good) I’ve ever tasted.

5. Jack was the ________ (tall) of the two.

6. Sarah is the __________ (beautiful) of the three sisters.

7. If you need any ___________ (far) information, please contact our head office.

8. The sinking of Titanic is one of _____________ (famous) shipwreck stories of all time.

9. Please, send the books back without _________ (far) delay.

10. The deposits of oil in Russia are by far the __________ (rich) in the world.

11. Could you come a bit _______ (early) tomorrow?

12. I like this song _________ (much) than the previous one.

13. Which of these two performances did you enjoy ________ (much)?

14. The fire was put out _________ (quickly) than we expected.

3.10 Дополните предложения прилагательными в сравнительной степени (добавьте than, где необходимо):

1. New washing machines are much more quiet than / quieter than (quiet) old washing machines.

2. Do you think money is __________________ (important) good health?

3. This dress is __________________ (nice) that one.

4. Old cell phones were a lot __________________ (big) new ones.

5. Flats are so expensive in this area, we will buy a flat in a __________________ (cheap) area.

6. Many people think modern life is __________________ (good) life in the past.

7. Communication has become a lot __________________ (easy) it was 50 years ago.

8. The pollution in my city is much __________________ (bad) it used to be 10 years ago.

9. I prefer __________________ (warm) water. That’s why we travel to the sea in summer.

10. Our favorite shopping center is __________________ (far) the new supermarket.

Числительные

От 0 до 12

0 – zero

1 – one

2 – two

3 – three

4 – four

5 – five

6 – six

7 – seven

8 – eight

9 – nine

10 – ten

11 – eleven

12 – twelve

13—19, образуются путем добавления суффикса – teen

13 – thirteen

14 – fourteen

15 – fifteen

16 – sixteen

17 – seventeen

18 – eighteen

19 – nineteen

20—90, образуются путем добавления суффикса -ty

20 – twenty

30 – thirty

40 – forty

50 – fifty

60 – sixty

70 – seventy

80 – eighty

90 – ninety

100 – one (a) hundred

1,000 – one (a) thousand

1,000,000 – one (a) million

1,000,000,000 – a (one) milliard (в Англии); a (one) billion (в США)

Составные числительные от 20 до 100 пишутся через дефис:

Примеры:

23 twenty-three, 55 fifty-five

После 100 добавляется союз and.

Примеры:

365 three hundred and sixty-five

456 four hundred and fifty-six

Порядковые числительные в английском языке используются для обозначения порядка, образуются путем добавления суффикса -th.

Примеры:

fourth, при этом five – fifth, sixth, seventh, eighth, eleventh и т. д.

Исключения:

first – первый

second – второй

third – третий

Написание дат:

При написании и произношении года, цифры «делятся» пополам.

Примеры:

1826 – eighteen twenty-six

1745 – seventeen forty-five

2006 – twenty oh six

2000— two thousand

25th July, 2019 – the twenty-fifth of July, twenty nineteen;

25th July, 2019 – July the twenty-fifth, twenty nineteen;

July 25 (25th), 2019

25 July 2019

4.1. Напишите числовые значения следующих числительных:

• first – 1st

• second —

• third —

• fourth —

• sixteen —

• twenty-seven —

• nineteen forty-seven —

• two thousand and sixteen —

• thirty-first —

• fifteen eighty-nine —

• the thirteenth of June —

• the sixth of August —

• the twenty-seventh of July —

4.2. Дополните предложения соответствующими числительными:

1. I have breakfast at eleven o'clock at weekends. (11)

2. My sister is in the _____ grade. (5)

3. Natalia is _____ years old. (17)

4. Today is the _____ of May. (4)

5. It costs only _____ euros. (10)

6. He won the ____ prize and we were all really happy. (1)

7. It takes _____ hours to get from Moscow to Sochi by air. (2)

8. It's the _____ day of our holiday in Italy. (2)

9. He read _____ books during summer holidays. (4)

10. He was the ____ person who entered the room. (5)

4.3. Напишите следующие даты:


4.4. Образуйте порядковые числительные от следующих числительных:

1 – first

2 —

3 —

4 —

5 —

6 —

16 —

27 —

38 —

4 —

5 —

10 —

13 —

15 —

18 —

44 —

63 —

72 —

61 —

60 —

4.5. Выберите подходящую форму числительного.

1. My sister is still a teenager. She is only fifteen/fifty.

2. He knew it was a painting worth $5 million/millions.

3. Three hundred/Three hundreds people gathered at the stadium.

4. In the section 2/section 2nd we also suggest other topics that need to be researched.

5. The first battle of the American Revolution was fought in year/the year 1775.

6. Hundred/А hundred years ago the main means of communication was by post and telegraph.

7. How many children are there in the school? About three hundred/three hundreds.

8. The book has got over five hundred/five hundreds pages.

9. It happened in the year two thousand and two/two thousand and second.

10. He won the prize 1/ 1st prize in the competition.

4.6. Напишите предложения согласно образцу:

Children in a running competition.

John – number 1, Mike – number 5, Hanna – number 6, Alice – number 2, John – number 4, Elena – number 3

Пример: John was the first.

Alice was the _____________.

Mike was the _____________.

Hanna was the _______________.

Elena was the ______________.

John was the _____________.

4.7. Впишите подходящее по смыслу числительное.

1. Friday is the fifth day of the week.

2. The ___________ month of the year is September.

3. The ___________ month of the year is January.

4. In a competition the gold medal is for the ___________ place and the silver medal is for the __________ place.

5. There are ___________ days in a week.

6. There are ___________ seconds in a minute.

7. There are ___________ days in November.

8. You can always have a ___________ try if the first one is not successful.

9. Usually an employee has ___________ days off in a week – Saturday and Sunday.

10. Monday is the ___________ day of the week.

4.8. Выберите из списка количественные числительные и переведите их.

1. sixth; 2. eleven – 11; 3. forty; 4. second; 5. two hundred; 6. twenty-first; 7. nineteen; 8. seven; 9. twelfth;10. third; 11. fourth; 12. eight; 13. seventeen; 14. fifth; 15. nine; 16. one; 17. sixteen;18. tenth; 19. fifty; 20. one hundred and first; 21. two; 22. thirty-three; 23. ten; 24. sixty-one; 25. twelve; 26. thirteen; 27. four; 28. twenty.

4.9. Выполните упражнение по примеру:

Если возникли сложности – повторите тему «Образование множественного числа существительных».

Пример: (2) (a man) – two men,

1. (10) (a woman),

2. (25) (a child),

3. (15) (an ox),

4. (35) (a sheep),

5. (32) (a tooth),

6. (67) (a goose),

7. (100) (a star).

4.10. Выберите из списка порядковые числительные и переведите их.

1. one hundred; 2. fourteen; 3. thirteenth – 13-й; 4. two 5. ninth; 6. twenty-three; 7. thirty; 8. hundredth; 9. thirty-fifth; 10. seventeenth; 11. forty; 12. twentieth; 13. one million; 14. thousand and hundredth; 15. sixth; 16. nineteenth; 17. forty-five; 18. third; 19. three; 20. eleven; 21. four; 22. fifteenth; 23. eight; 24. ten; 25. twenty-two; 26. twelve; 27. twelfth; 28. thirtieth

Времена глаголов

В английском языке 12 времен, таблица, приведенная ниже, дает краткое пояснение по образованию времен:



5.1. Ознакомьтесь с приведенными отрывками, какие времена употребляются в предложениях?

1. London is the capital of Great Britain. Present Simple

2. He is working for a small company.

3. By the end of the year he will have spent all the money he's won in a lottery.

4. He has worked there for three months now.

5. He has been working there for three months now.

6. The next plane leaves this evening at 2 p. m.

7. I'll call you when I get there.

8. He is meeting his lawayer this afternoon.

9. He works at McDonald’s.

10. You will definitely be tired after you have been working all night.

11. I've seen that man before.

12. He'll come home as soon as he has finished work.

13. The scientist has written three books and he is working on another one.

14. She put on her dress for the party.

15. He called the web-site regularly.

16. We did not know the way so we used a navigator.

17. The wind was blowing and it was raining.

18. I've liked ice cream ever since I was a teenager.

19. She didn’t want to interrupt anybody and kept silent during the conversation.

20. By the time we arrived at the station, our train had already left.

21. It will be warm in two days.

22. On the day of the exam I woke up at six.

23. We’ll take a taxi and go clubbing.

24. In two hours we will be lying on a beach.

25. Will you be going to the kitchen later? Bring me a glass of water.

26. I am going to travel around the world.

27. I will text you as soon as I arrive.

28. The train arrives at 6.35.

29. I will go to a theater every year.

30. I will order a steak, and you?