Существительные. Единственное и множественное число

1. Существительные в большинстве случаев при образовании множественного числа получают окончание -s.

Примеры:

apple – apples,

table – tables,

machine – machines

2. Если существительное заканчивается на -s, -ss, -sh,-ch, -x, -o – то во множественном числе оно получает окончание -еs.

Примеры:

box – boxes

bus – buses

dush – bushes

tomato – tomatoes

baby – babies

Но! Photo – photos / video – videos

3. Существительные, заканчивающиеся на согласную + y, вместо -y получают -ies во множественном числе.

Примеры:

try – tries

fly – flies

Но!

4. Существительные, заканчивающиеся на гласную (-a/e/o/u) + y, получают окончание -s.

Примеры:

toy – toys

boy – boys

5. Существительные, заканчивающиеся на -f/-fe, во множественном числе получают окончание -ves.

Примеры:

thief – thieves

wife – wives

knife – knives

Ho! roof – roofs

proof – proofs

chief – chiefs

6. Следующие исключения необходимо запомнить:

man – men, woman – women, policeman – policemen, fireman – firemen,

child – children, ox – oxen;

tooth – teeth, goose – geese, foot – feet, mouse – mice;

sheep – sheep, fish – fish, deer – deer

1.1. Образуйте множественное число данных существительных:

an ox, a dog, a fly, a wife, a knife, a man, a top, a shelf, a radio, a policeman, a toy, a crash, a locker, a flower, a blow, a drop, a proof, a clap, a guy, a church, a fox, a potato, a army, a party, a teacher, a month, a coat, a bridge, a volcano, a party, a banana, a room, a day, a fly, a knife, a sandwich, a university, a shelf, a play, a key, a taxi, a way, a tragedy, a language, a comedy, a parrot, a dog, a watch, a puppy, a flamingo, a glass, a box, a lady, a piano, a tomato, a city, a computer, a lion, a subway, a butterfly, a theatre, a girlfriend, a hero, a cargo, a wolf

1.2. Напишите данные предложения во множественном числе:

1.3. Заполните пропущенные слова. Одно слово лишнее.

oxen/geese/thieves/bushes/children/men/sheep/fish

1. The Browns’ have four ______. They all go to the kindergarten.

2. After sneaking out of the house ______ were hiding in the ______.

3. The Browns’ had a lot of animals on their farm: ______, _____, ______.

4. They say there is a lot of ______ in the pond.

1.4. Образуйте множественное число существительных:

1.5. Найди ошибки в словах:

Photoes – photos, dodoes, zeroes, tomatoes, potatos, kiloes, buffaloes, videos, pianoes, mosquitoes, stereoes, radios, studios, echos, heroes, gooses, foots, citys, wolfes, mens, womans.

________________________________________________________________

1.6. Раскройте скобки, употребляя имена существительные во множественном числе:

I have two little brothers (a brother). They are (1)_____ (a twin). They have a lot of (2) ______ (a pencil) and ______ (an album). They like to draw (3) _____,_______,_______,______,______ and ________. (a house, a tree, a dogs, a duck, a star and a doll). My elder sisters cannot draw (4) ______, _____,______ and ______. (a car, a bus, an animal and an apple). I help them.

My (5) ______ and ______ (a grandmother, a grandfather,) live in a big village. They have a nice farm. There are a lot of (6)_____, ______, _______, _______ and _______ (a cow, a calf, a horse, a pig and a piglet) there. I like to play with (7) ______ (a rabbit). They are very funny.

My best friend has three elder (8) ______ (a brother). They are (9) ______ (a student). They have a lot of (10) _______ (an interest). They like to play computer (11) ______ (a game), to watch horror _____ (a film), and to collect ______ (a stamp) and toy _____ (a bus). I think their (12) _______ (a hobby) are very interesting.

Местоимения

Местоимения используются, чтобы избежать повторений в речи, заменяет существительные, прилагательные.

My friend’s name is Jon, he is a nice fellow though sometimes he only thinks of himself. Once I wanted to take a book from our library but he insisted it was his. So I had to give it back to him.

Личные местоимения

Существует два типа:

1. Именительный падеж (кто? что?) (I, you, we, they)

заменяют в тексте существительные,

имена нарицательные, чтобы избежать повторения.

Пример: Michael goes to school every day. Apparently, he likes attending the classes.

2. Объектный падеж (кого? что? кому? чему?)

Пример: I brought him the book from my last trip. So he didn’t forget me and brought me the pencils from his last trip.

Личные местоимения в именительном падеже в предложении выступают в роли подлежащего, ставится перед глаголом, в то время как объектный падеж выступает в роли дополнения, ставится после глагола.

Пример: I gave him the book.

Притяжательные местоимения

Также делятся на 2 группы, отвечают на вопросы (какой? какая? какое? Какие?), характеризуют принадлежность объекта и связь между ними. На русский язык оба типа переводятся одинаково. Второй тип местоимений используется, чтобы избежать повторов в предложении. Существительное после него не употребляется, в то время как первый тип притяжательных местоимений всегда сопровождается существительным.

Пример: Моя кошка чёрная. Его кошка белая. Ему не нравится моя кошка. Эта кошка моя.

My cat is black. His cat is white. He doesn’t’ like my cat. The cat is mine.

Возвратные местоимения

Возвратное местоимение в русском языке переводится как «себя» либо суффикс «-ться». Возвратные местоимения используются для обозначения выполнения действия самим субъектом или когда действие направлено на самого человека.

Примеры:

I cut myself. Я порезался.

She introduced herself. Она представилась.

John introduces himself. Джон представил себя сам.

We cooked the dinner ourselves. Мы сами приготовили этот ужин.

В единственном числе добавляется суффикс -self

Во множественном числе – -selves (обратите внимание на правило образования множественного числа существительных -f/-fe – -ves).

2.1. Замените слово в скобках на личное местоимение:

1. He is sleeping. (George)

2. ___ is brown. (the blackboard)

3. ___ are on the shelf. (the books)

4. ___ is running. (the boy)

5. ___ are watching videos on YouTube. (my friends and I)

6. ___ are in the shop. (the flowers)

7. ___ is riding his bike. (Ted)

8. ___ is from New York. (Victor)

9. ___ has got a brother. (Diana)

10. Has ____ got a computer? (Mark)

2.2. Выберите подходящий тип притяжательного местоимения:

1. Is this yours / your ball?

2. It's theirs / their problem, not our/ours.

3. It's a bad idea of your / yours to go to the bar tonight.

4. Are these her / hers shoes?

5. We're going swimming with some friends of our/ours.

6. Is it yours / your article about spiders? – No, it's not my / mine.

7. We know their / theirs phone number but they don't know our / ours.

8. That's not my / mine book. Mine / my is with me.

9. His home is bigger than her / hers but her / hers is modern.

10. My / mine parents live in Moscow region, and your / yours?

2.3. Дополните текст притяжательными местоимениями:

1. Trevor and Stuart write articles for their school newspaper.

2. Mark nodded at ____ wife as if he wanted to say «You see?»

3. Do you think they are losing ____ popularity?

4. From ____ place I could watch the people eating ____ lunch.

5. I like ____ new bag. I bought it two days ago.

6. He took off ______ shirt and loosened ____ tie.

7. My dad usually came to ____ office at 6 o'clock.

8. They’ve got three children but I don’t remember ____

9. We are going to invite all ____ friends to the party.

10. We’re staying at a very nice hotel. ____ room is very comfortable.

2.4. Замените слова, выделенные жирным шрифтом на личные местоимения:

1. That poor man looks as if he needs a new coat. He

2. Kilye arrived yesterday. I met Kilye at the station. ____

3. When the lions saw us, they began roaring. _____

4. Mike and I were hoping no-one would find us. _____

5. You and Mike can come if you like. ____

6. Jake hurt himself. ____

2.5. Дополните тексты местоимениями:

1)

– Do you know Andy?

– Sure, he's in my class, I study with ___ Why?

– Oh, nothing. I want him to help me, that's all.

– I have ___ phone number. Call him!

– Ok, thanks!

2)

– Hey Tyler, do you like lemon cakes?

– Yea, I really like ___.

– And do you like green tea?

– Sure, I like ___.

– And how about sweets?

– Yep, I like ____ too. Why?

– I want to invite you to my birthday party.

– Great! I will be there.

2.6. Добавьте соответствующее возвратное местоимение:

1. I did not want to believe it and then I saw the yeti myself.

2. The boy looked at _____ in the mirror.

3. Mike, you'll have to do your homework ______.

4. You don't need to come tonight. They can repair the car _____.

5. I introduced _____ to my new classmate.

6. Boys, can you make your beds ______?

7. My granny used to make wool clothes _________.

8. What happens when a fighting fish sees ______ in the mirror?

9. He decided to go shopping ______.

10. We can fix it ______.

2.7. Найдите ошибки в предложениях:

1. These aren’t ours flowers. These aren’t our flowers.

2. Yours watermelon was very sweet.

3. How many books are there in hers library?

4. The elephant hurt his leg.

5. Is this telephone your?

6. It’s theirs camera, don’t touch it, please.

7. Theirs teacher is younger than ours.

8. She is a friend of my.

9. The umbrella belongs to hers.

10. Did you like mine present?

2.8. Дополните текст местоимениями в объектном падеже:

1. My brother loves cookies. This cookie is for him.

2. My children like cartoons. The movies aren’t for ________.

3. My granny collects china. These beautiful cups are for ________.

4. My parents like music from the 90s. The memory stick with the music is for _______.

5. I like sunglasses. From her last trip my aunt brought _____ another sunglasses.

6. My wife and I love sweets. These sweets are for _____.

7. My nephew likes cars. The toy truck is for _______.

8. My teacher wants to go to London next year. The guide book is for _____.

9. I have so many socks. I don't know what to do with ______.

10. I have a problem and don’t know what to do with ______.

2.9. Дополните текст притяжательными местоимениями:

1. This is my elder sister. Her name's Sue.

2. These are my nephews. ___ names are Peter and Ben.

3. These are my friends. ___ names are Tom and David.

4. This is my cousin. ___ name's Mary.

5. This is my father. ___ name's Paul.

6. These are my classmates. ___ names are Terry and Jane.

7. This is my aunt. ___ name's Pam.

2.10. Дополните предложения соответствующими местоимения используя than и заменив существительные в скобках:

1. Their house is bigger than mine (my house).

2. The street he lives on is wider _______________ (their street).

3. Father’s suit is more fashionable _______________ (grandpa’s suit).

4. Your test doesn’t take that much time _______________ (her test).

5. Her flat is larger _______________ (our kitchen).

6. This car drives more quickly _______________ (your car).

7. My armchair is more comfortable _______________ (their armchairs).

8. Her studies are more complicated _______________ (her sister).